Improvement situation on indexes of the zebrafish disease model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with FGF21 analogues / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To detect the therapeutic efficacy of FGF21 analogues on the zebrafish model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A zebrafish model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was established by providing the normal diet fed to wild-type zebrafish three times daily. PF-05231023 was administered exogenously at a final concentration of 0.5 μmol/L. Body length, body weight, triglycerides, and other indexes were measured after 20 days. Pathological changes were evaluated in liver tissue sections by HE staining. Quantitative PCR was used to identify expressional changes in genes related to lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Results: QPCR and immunofluorescence staining results showed that FGF21 was highly expressed in the zebrafish model group. The addition of the FGF21 analogue PF-05231023 significantly reduced the body length and body weight (P < 0.01), and the triglyceride content (P < 0.05) in the zebrafish model group. The liver HE staining results showed that PF-05231023 had alleviated the large and tiny bullae fat, lesions, and others in the zebrafish model group. The quantitative PCR results demonstrated that PF-05231023 reduced the expression of lipogenic factors (P < 0.01), inflammatory-related factors (P < 0.001), and genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (P < 0.05), but raised lipid-oxidation-related factors (P < 0.05) in the zebrafish model group. The addition of PF-05231023 reduced oleic acid-induced lipid and triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: FGF21 analogue addition can improve indexes in the zebrafish disease model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

41 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by occupational irritating chemicals / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the case characteristics of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by occupational irritant chemicals (OI-COPD). To provide basis for revising its diagnostic criteria. Methods: From June to December 2021, we investigated the information of OI-COPD patients confirmed by Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Prevention of Occupational Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Qingdao Central Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University and other diagnostic institutions in the past five years, a total of 41 cases. The basic information of OI-COPD cases, occupational risk factors exposure information, medical history, smoking history and clinical symptoms were analyzed retrospectively. The measurement data were tested for normal distribution, which was described by x±s, and compared between groups by t test; Those who do not conform to the normal distribution are described by the median [M (Q(1), Q(3)) ] and analyzed by nonparametric test; The counting data were expressed in frequency and rate (% ), and the comparison between groups was tested. Results: Of the 41 cases, 33 were male and 8 were female. The age of the patient diagnosed with OI-COPD was (49.5±10.3) years old, and the minimum age was 30 years old; Among them, 8 patients had a definite long-term smoking history (more than 5 years) ; The exposure duration of occupational risk factors was (18.6±10.3) years, of which 3 patients had exposure duration of less than 5 years; The occupational risk factors leading to OI-COPD include acids and acid-forming compounds, bases, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and its compounds, etc. The exposure level of occupational risk factors is related to the degree of COPD airflow restriction (χ(2)=6.17, P <0.05). 18 patients with diagnosis age <50 years old were diagnosed as early-onset COPD. The incidence of respiratory symptoms in the early diagnosis COPD group was lower than that in the non-early diagnosis COPD group, and the FEV1% pred was significantly higher than that in the non-early diagnosis COPD group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01 ) . Conclusion: The exposure level of occupational risk factors may be the risk factor affecting the degree of COPD airflow restriction. With the increase of the exposure level of COPD patients, the proportion of respiratory symptoms will also increase accordingly.

The Comparison of Iron Deficiency Anemia Rat Treated with Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Ferrous Ion Complex and Ferrous Sulfate / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex solution and ferrous sulfate solution in iron deficiency anemia rats and their effects on gastric mucosa.@*METHODS@#Seven rats were randomly selected from thirty five SPF grade SD rats as control group, and were fed with normal diet, distilled water (E). The rest of SD rats were fed with low iron feed and distilled water plus continuous tail vein bloodletting to establish the iron deficiency anemia model. After the model was established successfully, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (A), iron deficiency anemia control group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex (HPCTS-Fe@*RESULTS@#After modeling, except the normal control group, the hair color of the rats in the four groups showed dark yellow and the belly of the toes became white gradually. HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rats with dark yellow hair in group C and D were improved, and the toe abdomen turned pink gradually. RBC, HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF in rats in group C and D increased, which were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HGB of the rats in group D was higher than that of group C in day 28th during treatment and the Ret% was higher than that in group C at day 10th (P<0.05).After treatment, the liver and spleen of the rats in group C and D were lighter than those in group B (P<0.05).The gastric mucosa in group A, B, D and E was not damaged obviously, while it was slightly irritated and damaged in group C.@*CONCLUSION@#Hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous complex solution can improve the hemoglobin level of SD rats with iron deficiency anemia, which is stronger than ferrous sulfate solution and shows no damage to gastric mucosa.

Distribution and risk of human papillomavirus in cervical lesions / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and pathogenicity of 27 HPV(Human papillomavirus)subtypes in cervical lesions.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 5735 patients with cervical lesions admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2015 to July 2017,including 997 cases of cervicitis,1568 cases of LSIL(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion),2576 cases of HSIL(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion)and 594 cases of cervical cancer. The HPV subtypes,histopathological results and ages were obtained for analysis.RESULTS: The positive rates of HPV in cervicitis group,LSIL,HSIL group and cervical cancer group were 57.0%,78.3%,90.5%,and 93.9%(P<0.05)respectively. The five most prevalent HPV types in cervicitis and LSIL group were 52,53,16,58 and 18;in HSIL and cervical cancer they were 16,52,58,33 and 18. The cumulative attribution rates of HPV16,18,58,52,33,31 and 45 in cervicitis,LSIL,HSIL and cervical cancer were 22.2%,38.4%,68.4% and 80.1%,respectively. The incidence of cervical cancer after HPV16,31 and 45 infection was 27.7,14.3 and8.2 times higher than that of cervicitis. Among the 36 cervical cancer tissue samples with negative HPV,8 cases were detected positive by HPV E6/E7 DNA detection.CONCLUSION: HPV16,18,58,52,33,31 and 45 have a high prevalence,cumulative attribution rates and risk values in patients with squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. The above-mentioned subtypes of HPV should be included in the prevention and screening of cervical cancer.HPV E6/E7 DNA detection may be a reliable assay for HPV-based screening for prevention of cervical cancer.

Effect of ethanolic extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on acute gouty arthritis in mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to study the effect and mechanism of alcohol extract from Polygonum cuspidatum(PCE) on acute gouty arthritis in C57 BL/6 mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis. The model mice which injected with ankle joint injection of sodium urate crystals(MSU) were orally administrated with three different concentration of PCE, with colchicine as positive control. HE staining was used for observing the morphological changes of synovial tissue; concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by synovial tissue of the ankle joint were detected by ELISA; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in synovial tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the swelling degree of ankle joint in model mice were significantly elevated; expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 also significant increase, compared with normal control group. The swelling degree of ankle joint significantly relief; expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in joint synovium significantly decrease; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were significantly decrease in PCE treatment group compared with model group. Our research implied that alcohol extract from P. cuspidatum had positive effect on acute gouty arthritis in mice, and the regulation of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis may be its mechanism.

Establishment of zebrafish model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To establish overfed zebrafish model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.@*Methods@#The wild-type zebrafish was fed 3 times a day with normal diet. Body length, weight, and triglyceride levels were measured after 20 days of feeding. The changes in expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation were detected by quantitative PCR. Liver tissue sections were stained with H&E. Statistical analyses between groups were compared using t-test.@*Results@#The body length (0.71±0.014) cm and body weight (44.83±1.833) mg of model group were higher than that of control group (0.50±0.009) cm and body weight (19.33±2.753) mg (total body length = 12.36, total body weight = 7.71, P < 0.01). Triglyceride content in the model group was (59.15 ± 0.5612) μmol / L, higher than the control group (16.71 ± 0.3562) μmol / L (t = 63.84, P < 0.001). Quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis in the model group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of lipid production and lipid oxidation related factors in the model group were higher than the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression of inflammation-related factors in the model group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the model group was higher than that to control group (P<0.001). Liver H&E staining showed that the model group had pathological changes such as large bulla and vesicles compared to the control group.@*Conclusion@#A continuous 3 times 20 days of normal diet can simulate the disease characteristics of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a zebrafish.

Effect of Jianxin Decoction on Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cardiac Function of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of Jianxin Decoction, a recipe with the actions of tonifying Qi and warming Yang, strengthening spleen and removing edema, on the levels of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Sixty-two CHF patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 31 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine alone, and the observation group was given Jianxin Decoction combined with western medicine. After treatment for 4 weeks, the levels of serum interleukin -6 (IL-6), interleukin -10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), cardiac output(CO) and ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to mitral late diastolic peak velocity(E/A) were determined with echocardiography. The effect on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, effect on cardiac function grading, and adverse reaction in the two groups were also observed. Results (1) After treatment, the effective rate on TCM syndromes and improvement of cardiac function in the observation group were superior to those in the control group, the difference being significant (P<0.05). (2) Levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-αand BNP of the two groups after treatment were decreased as compared with those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the decrease in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05). (3)After treatment, LVSED and LVEDD of the two groups were much decreased, and LVEF, E/A and CO were markedly increased (P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment). The improvement of LVSED, LVEDD, LVEF, E/A and CO in observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reaction showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Jianxin Decoction combined with western medicine can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and BNP, so as to relieve the clinical symptoms and improve cardiac function grading in patients with CHF. The combination has better effect and is safer than western medicine alone for CHF.

Feasibility of transplanting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into manganese poisoning rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can treat central nervous system diseases. BMSCs have the function of self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of neural cell types. BMSCs with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation abilities can successfully differentiate into dopaminergic neurons after transplantation into an animal model. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of transplanted BMSCs on behavior and dopaminergic neurons in rats with manganese poisoning. METHODS: Rat models of manganese poisoning were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of MnCl2?4H2O into Sprague-Dawley rats. The model rats were then randomly divided into two groups, BMSCs and phosphate buffered solution (PBS) control group, and 5 μL of passage 3 human BMSCs suspension or equivalent PBS was transplanted into the right striatum of the manganese poisoning rats. One month after transplantation, the rats were subjected to behavioral assessment. The differentiation of BMSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. The contents of dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in the right striatum of rats were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The behavioral score of the BMSCs treated group was significantly lower than that of the PBS control group after transplantation (P < 0.05). Double-labeled positive cells for human-specific nuclear antigen/tyrosine hydroxylase (hNUC/TH) and human-specific nuclear antigen/glial cell-derived acidic protein (hNUC/GFAP) were observed in the BMSCs treated group after transplantation. Meanwhile, hNUC/TH and hNUC/GFAP double-labeled positive cells were undetected in the PBS control group after transplantation. The expression levels of dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in the BMSCs treated group were higher than those in the PBS control group. This suggests that BMSCs can improve the behavior of manganese poisoning rats and can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes.

Establishment and assessment of cataract surgery in Day-care Unit at northwest of China / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM:To describe the protocol and economic cost of the Day-care Unit cataract surgery procedure in northwest of China. ·METHODS: Patients who received phacoemulcification and intraocular lens implantation in both Day-care Unit and regular Unit were recruited from January 2016 to December 2016. The baseline data and average cost were recorded and analyzed. Furthermore, satisfaction questionnaire of patients were collected. ·RESULTS: Patients with Day-care Unit showed shorter registration duration, less cost including housing and nursing charge as well as higher rate of patient satisfaction. Meanwhile, Day-care Unit shorten the time the doctors and nurses spending on filling the medical charts. · CONCLUSION: Day - care Unit cataract surgery procedure could benefit both patients and medical staffs and is worthy to generalize.

Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in zebrafish lateral line hair cell regeneration / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hair cell regeneration using zebrafish lateral line system. METHODS Zebrafish larval were incubated in cisplatin solution to induce lateral line hair cells loss and then regenerated for 48 hrs. Supporting cells were sorted, and QPCR was taken to detect the expression change of Wnt/β-catenin signaling factors. Whole mount in situ hybridization was used to show the expression pattern of dkks. Wnt/β-catenin signalinginhibitors(FH535 and XAV939) and enhancer(BIO) was added to the medium to observe the influences on hair cell regeneration. RESULTS RT-PCR and Q-PCR showed that the expressions of wnt2, wnt3a and ctnnb1 in sorting supporting cells were elevated(P＜0.05). Whole mount in situ hybridization showed that the expression of dkk1a and dkk2 in lateral lines sub-supporting cellsreduced. The addition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors reduced the regenerated hair cells to 40％ of normal, and even to 10％ when the concentration of inhibitor was elevated.And the first 12 hrs Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition also led to the reduced regenerated hair cells(P＜0.001). However, regeneratedhair cells have no significant change compared between BIO-treated and nontreated group(P＞0.05). CONCLUSION Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary whilenot sufficient for zebrafish lateral line hair cell regeneration.

Antithrombotic effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma kwangsiensis / 中成药

AIM To study the antithrombotic effects and mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang (CKEAF).METHODS To observe the antithrombotic effects of CKEAF on tail thrombotic mouse models and arteriovenous bypass thrombotic rat models induced by carrageenan,and in vivo thrombosis rat models induced by FeCl3.The serum levels of ET-1,6-keto-PGF1α,TXB2 in rats were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the level of NO was determined by nitrate reductase method.Rat models of acute blood stasis were further established for hemorheological study.RESULTS CKEAF significantly decreased the number and length of blackened thrombotic tail of carrageenan-treated mice.Rat models shared significant wet weight loss in arteriovenous bypass thrombosis and in vivo thrombosis,increased levels of NO,6-keto-PGF1α,decreased levels of ET-1,TXB2,and decreased whole blood and plasma viscosity (rats of acute blood stasis model).CONCLUSION Significant antithrombotic effects by CKEAF may contribute to elevated levels of NO,6-keto-PGF1α,and decreased levels of ET-1,TXB2,and lowered whole blood and plasma viscosity.

Is Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell the Best Optimal? / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>Since the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology a decade ago, enormous progress has been made in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Human iPSCs have been widely used for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell therapy development. In this review, we discuss the progress in applications of iPSC technology that are particularly relevant to drug discovery and regenerative medicine, and consider the remaining challenges and the emerging opportunities in the field.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>Articles in this review were searched from PubMed database from January 2014 to December 2017.</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>Original articles about iPSCs and cardiovascular diseases were included and analyzed.</p><p><b>Results</b>iPSC holds great promises for human disease modeling, drug discovery, and stem cell-based therapy, and this potential is only beginning to be realized. However, several important issues remain to be addressed.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The recent availability of human cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs opens new opportunities to build in vitro models of cardiac disease, screening for new drugs and patient-specific cardiac therapy.</p>

Sivelestat alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through inhibiting activation of Kupffer cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the role of neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, in preventing and treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its underling mechanisms.@*Methods@#A total of forty 4-week-old male C57BL/6J ApoE-/-mice were equally divided into the following four groups: standard chow (SC)+isotonic saline; SC+sivelestat; high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet+isotonic saline; and HFHC+sivelestat. These mice were treated with above methods for 12 weeks. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters, hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (inflammation) were evaluated by oil red O staining and HE staining, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines, CD68, and F4/80 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Comparison of means between the four groups was made by one-way analysis of variance, and comparison between any two groups was made by the LSD or SNK method (for data with homogeneity of variance) or the Tamhane or Dunnett method (for data with heterogeneity of variance).@*Results@#Mice fed with an HFHC diet for 12 weeks developed typical pathological features of NASH compared with those fed with SC. Compared with mice fed with HFHC diet without sivelestat, those treated with HFHC and sivelestat exhibited the following features: (1) significantly reduced fast blood glucose, blood cholesterol, and hepatic biochemical parameters, as well as increased insulin sensitivity; (2) significantly reduced NAFLD activity score (5.71±1.11 vs 3.16±1.16, P < 0.05); (3) reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor -α; (4) significantly reduced mRNA levels of CD68 and F4/80; and (5) reduced expression of CD68 in the liver.@*Conclusion@#Sivelestat alleviates the hepatic steatosis and inflammation of NASH in mice by inhibiting the activation of Kupffer cells.

Correlation of body mass index and serum lipid levels in blood management of arthroplasty in elderly patients / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: At present, the number of patients with arthroplasty is increasing year by year. The perioperative hemorrhage is the short-term complication, which severely affects the patient's prognosis and increasing the risk for other complications. More blood transfusions or hemostasis measures are included in the perioperative blood management programs, but with different effects and adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid level with blood transfusion rate in the perioperative period of arthroplasty and provide evidence for perioperative blood transfusion management of total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: The patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty at the Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital from 2011 to 2015 were recruited in accordance with the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The basic data of the participants were collected, and all patients accepted arthroplaties. The blood transfusion rate, pre-estimated blood loss, and percentage of blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed; the BMI and blood lipid levels were recorded. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted by the statistical software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 513 patients were included in the study, with the mean age of (76.1±9.2) years old, 124 cases in normal BMI group, 229 cases in overweight group, and 160 cases in obesity group. (2) The blood transfusion rate showed significant difference among groups (P=0.002, P=0.002). There were significant differences in the blood loss and percentage of blood loss among groups (All P=0.001), suggesting that with BMI increasing, there was a decrease in blood transfusion rate and percentage of blood loss, and a increase in total blood loss. (3) The incidence of deep infection of the incision was correlated with BMI (P=0.043), and the incidence of other complications was not related to BMI. (4) In the total hip arthropalsty, the total cholesterol level was negatively related to the blood transfusion rate and percentage of blood loss (r=-0.278, P=0.021; r=-0.329, P=0.034), and the triglyceride level was negatively related to the blood transfusion rate (r=-0.449, P=0.014). In the total knee arthroplasty, the total cholesterol level was negatively related to the blood transfusion rate and percentage of blood loss (r=-0.341, P=0.006; r=-0.489, P=0.017). (5) For the blood transfusion rate in the total hip arthroplasty, BMI, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were the protective factors, and in the total knee arthroplasty, the protective factors were BMI and total cholesterol level. (6) In summary, the blood transfusion rate is negatively related to the BMI, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Patients with higher BMI have a higher total blood loss, lower percentage of blood loss and higher incidence of postoperative deep infection. The above indexes can be used as predictive indexes for the perioperative blood management in joint arthroplasty.

Efficacy of Yangxueqingnao Granule combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules in treatment of acute cerebral infarction with headache / 药物评价研究

Objective Discuss the efficacy of Yangxueqingnao granule combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride capsules in treatment of acute cerebral infarction with headache.Methods 110 patients with acute cerebral infarction with headache were selected,they were divided into two groups randomly.The control group (55 cases) was given Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules.The observation group (55 cases) was given Yangxueqingnao granule combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride capsules.The efficacy of Yangxueqingnao granule combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride capsules in treatment of acute cerebral infarction with headache was evaluated by the efficacy,headache symptom score,ADL scores and adverse reactions during treatment.Results 25 cases were cured in the observation group,markedly effective in 19 cases,effective in 6 cases,the effective rate was 90.9％;18 cases were cured in the control group,markedly effective in 12 cases,effective in 13 cases,the effective rate was 78.2％.The effective rate was higher in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on headache scores in two groups.2 and 4 weeks after treatment,the headache scores were decreased and the scores were lower in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistical significance on ADL scores between two groups.2 and 4 weeks after treatment,the ADL scores were increased and the scores were higher in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).During treatment,there were no statistical significance on adverse reaction between two groups.Conclusion Yangxueqingnao granule combined with Flunarizine Hydrochloride capsules have a good therapeutic effect on acute cerebral infarction with headache symptoms.The patients can significantly reduce headache and headache attack frequency.The therapy can improve the ability of daily life of patients with good safety.

Application of CBL teaching with paper review teaching method in ophthalmology resident teaching / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the effect of case-based learning ( CBL) teaching combination with paper review method in the teaching of ophthalmology residents. ·METHODS:The study was conducted from 2015 to 2016. The residents in Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital were included in the research. During the year of 2015, the traditional lecture-based learning ( LBL) method was applied (as a control group). During the year of 2016, the CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method was applied (as an experimental group). At the end of the course, exams and questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the teaching effect of two different methods. The exams consisted of theoretical and operational assessment. The teaching satisfactions, learning interests, scientific research interests and clinical abilities were included in the questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16. 0. ·RESULTS:The results of final exams indicated that the scores of the experimental group (88. 2±6. 5) were higher than the control group ( 75. 6 ± 6. 0 ). The difference showed statistically significant (t=6. 68, P<0. 05). The results of questionnaires indicated that students showed much more satisfied with CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method ( 91%) than traditional teaching method (50%, x2 =8. 84, P<0. 05). Students in the experimental group improved learning interest ( x2 =6. 29, P<0. 05), increased research interest (x2=4. 54, P<0.05) and approved clinical ability (x2 =4. 25, P<0. 05). The comparison of two groups showed the statistically difference (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method is beneficial to improve the teaching effect, and it is also beneficial to train residents'clinical skills and research abilities.

Propofol target-controlled infusion modeling in rabbits: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to establish a new propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) model in animals so as to study the general anesthetic mechanism at multi-levels in vivo. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were enrolled and propofol (10 mg/kg) was administrated intravenously. Artery blood samples were collected at various time points after injection, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using WinNonlin software. Propofol TCI within the acquired parameters integrated was conducted to achieve different anesthetic depths in rabbits, monitored by narcotrend. The pharmacodynamics was analyzed using a sigmoidal inhibitory maximal effect model for narcotrend index (NI) versus effect-site concentration. The results showed the pharmacokinetics of propofol in Japanese white rabbits was best described by a two-compartment model. The target plasma concentrations of propofol required at light anesthetic depth was 9.77±0.23 μg/mL, while 12.52±0.69 μg/mL at deep anesthetic depth. NI was 76.17±4.25 at light anesthetic depth, while 27.41±5.77 at deep anesthetic depth. The effect-site elimination rate constant (ke0) was 0.263/min, and the propofol dose required to achieve a 50% decrease in the NI value from baseline was 11.19 μg/mL (95% CI, 10.25-13.67). Our results established a new propofol TCI animal model and proved the model controlled the anesthetic depth accurately and stably in rabbits. The study provides a powerful method for exploring general anesthetic mechanisms at different anesthetic depths in vivo.

A Preliminary Study of the Therapeutic Role of Human Early Fetal Aorta-derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Inhibiting Carotid Artery Neointimal Hyperplasia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Endothelial cell damage is an important pathophysiological step of restenosis after angioplasty and stenting. Cell transplantation has great therapeutic potential for endothelial recovery. We investigated the effect of transplanting endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from human early fetal aortas in rat injured arteries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The carotid arterial endothelium of Sprague-Dawley rats was damaged by dilatation with a 1.5 F balloon catheter, and then EPCs derived from human early fetal aortas (<14 weeks) were injected into the lumen of the injured artery in transplanted rats, with an equal volume of normal saline injected into control rats. Rats were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment and transplanted cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human CD31 and anti-human mitochondria antibodies. Arterial cross-sections were analyzed by pathology, immunohistochemistry, and morphometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Green fluorescence-labeled EPCs could be seen in the endovascular surface of balloon-injured vessels after transplantation. The intimal area and intimal/medial area ratio were significantly smaller in the transplanted group than in the control (P < 0.05) and the residual lumen area was larger (P < 0.05). After EPC transplantation, a complete vascular endothelial layer was formed, which was positive for human von Willebrand factor after immunohistochemical staining, and immunohistochemical staining revealed many CD31- and mitochondria-positive cells in the re-endothelialized endothelium with EPC transplantation but not control treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EPCs derived from human early fetal aorta were successfully transplanted into injured vessels and might inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.</p>

Effect of two Chinese medicinal compounds, blood-activating and water-draining medicine, on tumor necrosis factor α and nuclear factor κ B expressions in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of blood-activating Chinese medicinal compounds and water-draining Chinese medicinal compounds on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κ B) expressions in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the acute stage, and to monitor their therapeutic effect and mechanism of action on inflammation and cerebral edema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was achieved by injecting autologous arterial blood into the caudate nucleus. A total of 168 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: blood-activating medicine group (n=42), water-draining medicine group (n=42), sham operated group (n=42), and the model group (n=42). A series of brain samples were obtained at days 1, 3 and 5 after ICH from rats in all groups. Protein expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κ B were measured by immunohistochemical staining and gene expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κ B were measured by real-time fluorescent PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the sham operated group, protein expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κ B in the model group significantly increased (P<0.01). Protein and gene expressions of TNF-α from the blood-activating medicine group and water-draining medicine group significantly decreased when compared to those in the model group P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the model group, the expression of NF-κ B in the blood-activating medicine group significantly decreased (P<0.05), while expression of NF-κ B in the water-draining medicine group did not differ (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Blood-activating Chinese medicinal compounds and water-draining Chinese medicinal compounds can alleviate inflammation of peripheral tissue and cerebral edema. However, the blood-activating Chinese medicinal compounds were more effective than the water-draining Chinese medicinal compounds. The possible effective mechanism may be by means of inhibiting the activation of NF-κ B so as to suppress the transcription of target genes including gene expression of TNF-α.</p>

Analysis on the long-term effects of modified double endobutton technique in the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the long-term clinical effects of modified double Endobutton technique for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was done in 42 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III treated with modified double Endobutton technique from December 2008 to December 2010. There were 24 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 21 to 56 years old (averaged, 32.5 years old). All the patients were treated with open reduction, coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using double Endobutton technique, and repair of acromioclavicular ligament. The Karlsson system was used to evaluate therapeutic effects. The distance from coracoid to clavicle was measured to evaluate reduction loss.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 years (averaged,2.4 years). According to Karlsson system, 32 patients got an A degree and 10 patients got a B degree at three months post-operatively; 26 patients got an A degree and 16 patients got a B degree at the latest follow-up; 6 patients got an A degree at 3 months after operation lowered to B degree at the latest follow-up. The coracoid-clavicle distance increased from (26.91 +/- 0.91) mm at 3 months after operation to (27.41 +/- 1.10) mm at the latest follow-up. Te patients treated with over-reduction during operation or with heavy physical labour work after operation had obvious widened coracoid-clavicle distance. Bone absorption was found around the plate in most cases, mainly in the clavicular side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocations of Tossy type III with modified double Endobutton technique has satisfactory early clinical results. But with time passing, loss of reduction and bone absorption around the plate could be observed, and clinical outcomes of some cases downgrade during the long-term follow-up.</p>